A document was written  in August 2001 due to of a dispute between manufactures of ESE devices and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).  Consultation was sought from 17 international scientists, all members of the International Conference on Lightning Protection, (ICLP), on the validity of the ESE devices.  The document titled "Worldwide Opposition to ESE Lightning Rods" was in support of the NFPA's rejection of a standard that supports such devices.